CVE-2023-41991
A certificate validation issue was addressed.
- Severity
- 5.5 / 10
- Medium · CVSS 3.1
- Exploit chance (EPSS)
- 13.38%
- Chance of exploitation in the next 30 days. Higher than 96.42% of scored vulnerabilities.
- Known exploited
- Yes
- In CISA's catalog since Sep 25, 2023
- Fix
- None yet
- No fixed version published
Description
A certificate validation issue was addressed. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.6, iOS 16.7 and iPadOS 16.7. A malicious app may be able to bypass signature validation. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited against versions of iOS before iOS 16.7.
How to fix
No fixed version has been published yet. Until one is, remove or replace the package, or turn off or isolate the affected feature. This page updates when a fix ships.
Severity breakdown
CVSS 3.1 5.5
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
- Attack vector
- Local
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- Required
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality
- None
- Integrity
- High
- Availability
- None
Weakness
CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
The product does not validate, or incorrectly validates, a certificate.
How to prevent it
- Architecture and Design, Implementation: Certificates should be carefully managed and checked to assure that data are encrypted with the intended owner's public key.
- Implementation: If certificate pinning is being used, ensure that all relevant properties of the certificate are fully validated before the certificate is pinned, including the hostname.
CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation
The product does not validate, or incorrectly validates, a certificate.
How to prevent it
- Architecture and Design, Implementation: Certificates should be carefully managed and checked to assure that data are encrypted with the intended owner's public key.
- Implementation: If certificate pinning is being used, ensure that all relevant properties of the certificate are fully validated before the certificate is pinned, including the hostname.
References
Advisories
Other links
Timeline
- Published
- Added to CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog
- Remediation due for U.S. federal agencies
- Last updated by the source
- Latest EPSS score
Related advisories
| Advisory | Severity | Why it's related |
|---|---|---|
| GHSA-4487-j8r4-4g2f Forge: verifyCertificateChain() removes trusted CA certificates with the same subject from the CA store | Low | Same weakness, CWE-295 |
| GHSA-5x38-2vff-x55p Forge: X.509 basicConstraints bypass in verifyCertificateChain() via deprecated extension OIDs 2.5.29.10 and 2.5.29.13 | High | Same weakness, CWE-295 |
| EEF-CVE-2026-115693 Custom cacerts or cacertfile do not restrict trust to the pinned CA in hackney | Not rated yet | Same weakness, CWE-295 |
| GHSA-6q48-6c7w-9gw2 certifi bundles emSign root CAs with compromised intermediate CA keys | Critical | Same weakness, CWE-295 |
| GHSA-2m5v-pch6-74hx undici vulnerable to TLS certificate validation bypass via dropped tls options in Agent | Critical | Same weakness, CWE-295 |
| GHSA-vrv5-2jg9-4mmr Microsoft Security Advisory CVE-2026-96222 - .NET Spoofing Vulnerability | High | Same weakness, CWE-295 |
| GHSA-fqpq-cx42-9jmm Microsoft Security Advisory CVE-2026-70194 - .NET and Visual Studio Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability | Medium | Same weakness, CWE-295 |
| EEF-CVE-2026-103502 hex_core's default HTTP adapter doesn't verify TLS certificates on OTP 24 and 25 | Not rated yet | Same weakness, CWE-295 |
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