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GHSA-m7mq-85xj-9x33 CVE-2026-56269

Flowise: Weak Default Token Hash Secret

Medium npm
Severity
0.0 / 10
Medium · CVSS 4.0
Exploit chance (EPSS)
0.13%
Chance of exploitation in the next 30 days. Higher than 2.51% of scored vulnerabilities.
Known exploited
No
Not in CISA's catalog
Weakness
CWE-798 Use of Hard-coded Credentials
Fix
3.1.0
Upgrade flowise to this version or later

Description

Detection Method: Kolega.dev Deep Code Scan

Attribute Value
Location packages/server/src/enterprise/utils/tempTokenUtils.ts:31-34
Practical Exploitability Medium
Developer Approver faizan@kolega.ai

Description

The encryption key for token encryption has a weak default value 'Secre$t' when TOKEN_HASH_SECRET environment variable is not set.

Affected Code

const key = crypto
    .createHash('sha256')
    .update(process.env.TOKEN_HASH_SECRET || 'Secre$t')
    .digest()

Evidence

The default value 'Secre$t' is hardcoded in the source code and is cryptographically weak. This key is used to encrypt user IDs and workspace IDs in JWT tokens.

Impact

Token forgery - attackers can decrypt and manipulate encrypted token metadata, potentially changing user IDs or workspace IDs to escalate privileges or access unauthorized data.

Recommendation

Require TOKEN_HASH_SECRET to be set as a strong random value in environment variables. Throw an error on startup if not configured. Use a minimum of 32 bytes of entropy.

Notes

The TOKEN_HASH_SECRET has a weak hardcoded default 'Secre$t' (lines 31-34 and 50-53). This secret is used to derive an AES-256-CBC encryption key for encrypting sensitive metadata (user ID and workspace ID) embedded in JWT tokens via encryptToken() called at line 394 of passport/index.ts. If TOKEN_HASH_SECRET is not configured, an attacker knowing the default can decrypt the 'meta' field in JWTs to extract user IDs and workspace IDs. While this alone doesn't grant access (the JWT signature is separate), it leaks internal identifiers that could aid other attacks. The .env.example shows '# TOKEN_HASH_SECRET='popcorn'' - another weak value, and it's commented out suggesting it's optional. The application should require this secret to be explicitly set with a strong random value.

Affected versions

npm

PackageVulnerableFixed in
flowise
< 3.1.0
3.1.0

How to fix

Move to the fixed version or later with your package manager, update the lockfile, and run your tests. If the package only arrives through another dependency, upgrade that dependency first. If none of its releases pulls a fixed version yet, force the version with your package manager's override.

flowise npm → 3.1.0

npm
npm install flowise@3.1.0
yarn
yarn add flowise@3.1.0
pnpm
pnpm add flowise@3.1.0

Severity breakdown

CVSS 4.0 0.0

CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:H/UI:A/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
High
Attack requirements
None
Privileges required
High
User interaction
Active
Confidentiality (vulnerable system)
High
Integrity (vulnerable system)
Low
Availability (vulnerable system)
None
Confidentiality (subsequent systems)
None
Integrity (subsequent systems)
None
Availability (subsequent systems)
None
Exploit maturity
Not defined
Scope
X

CVSS 3.0 5.6

CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
High
Privileges required
High
User interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
None

Weakness

CWE-798: Use of Hard-coded Credentials

The product contains hard-coded credentials, such as a password or cryptographic key.

How to prevent it
  • Architecture and Design: For outbound authentication: store passwords, keys, and other credentials outside of the code in a strongly-protected, encrypted configuration file or database that is protected from access by all outsiders, including other local users on the same system. Properly protect the key (CWE-320). If you cannot use encryption to protect the file, then make sure that the permissions are as restrictive as possible [REF-7]. In Windows environments, the Encrypted File System (EFS) may provide some protection.
  • Architecture and Design: For inbound authentication: Rather than hard-code a default username and password, key, or other authentication credentials for first time logins, utilize a "first login" mode that requires the user to enter a unique strong password or key.
  • Architecture and Design: If the product must contain hard-coded credentials or they cannot be removed, perform access control checks and limit which entities can access the feature that requires the hard-coded credentials. For example, a feature might only be enabled through the system console instead of through a network connection.
  • Architecture and Design: For inbound authentication using passwords: apply strong one-way hashes to passwords and store those hashes in a configuration file or database with appropriate access control. That way, theft of the file/database still requires the attacker to try to crack the password. When handling an incoming password during authentication, take the hash of the password and compare it to the saved hash. Use randomly assigned salts for each separate hash that is generated. This increases the amount of computation that an attacker needs to conduct a brute-force attack, possibly limiting the effectiveness of the rainbow table method.
  • Architecture and Design: For front-end to back-end connections: Three solutions are possible, although none are complete. The first suggestion involves the use of generated passwords or keys that are changed automatically and must be entered at given time intervals by a system administrator. These passwords will be held in memory and only be valid for the time intervals. Next, the passwords or keys should be limited at the back end to only performing actions valid for the front end, as opposed to having full access. Finally, the messages sent should be tagged and checksummed with time sensitive values so as to prevent replay-style attacks.

References

Timeline

  1. Published
  2. Last updated by the source
  3. Latest EPSS score
AdvisorySeverityWhy it's related
GHSA-w7x8-q2gp-5cgg
Flowise Prompt Injection to RCE and SSRF via CSV/Airtable Agent Python Validator Bypass
Critical Also affects flowise
GHSA-9gvv-qjj3-2p6g
Flowise NodeVM sandbox escape via puppeteer allowlist - authenticated RCE and arbitrary file read via Chromium
High Also affects flowise
GHSA-qgvm-j2hm-6m38
Flowise: Unauthenticated OAuth2 token refresh endpoint returns access tokens — enables token theft for any connected service
Critical Also affects flowise
GHSA-5xvg-pmgg-3mxr
Flowise: CSV Agent Prompt Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Critical Also affects flowise
GHSA-gmmw-qg98-6j6p
Flowise: Broken Access Control in Stripe Subscription Endpoints Allows Cross-Tenant Billing Manipulation
High Also affects flowise
GHSA-8gj2-2cvc-6xx7
Flowise: Unauthenticated Credential Abuse via Text-to-Speech Endpoint Allows Unauthorized Use of Private Chatflow TTS Credentials
Medium Also affects flowise
GHSA-fm2f-4339-4p2f
Flowise: Missing Authorization on Execution Update Endpoint
Medium Also affects flowise
GHSA-wch5-xp77-fxg4
Flowise: Cross-Workspace OAuth2 Credential Metadata Leak
High Also affects flowise
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