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GHSA-j3f2-48v5-ccww CVE-2026-59877

protobufjs: Denial of Service via infinite loop in .proto option parsing

High npm
Severity
5.3 / 10
High · CVSS 3.1
Exploit chance (EPSS)
0.36%
Chance of exploitation in the next 30 days. Higher than 30.41% of scored vulnerabilities.
Known exploited
No
Not in CISA's catalog
Weakness
CWE-835 Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
Fix
7.6.5
Upgrade protobufjs to this version or later

Description

Summary

protobufjs parsed option names by advancing through schema tokens until it reached an = token, without checking for end of input. A crafted .proto schema that opens an option declaration but ends prematurely could cause the option parser to loop without ever terminating.

This affects the reflection parsing path (parse, Root.load, Root.loadSync).

Impact

An attacker who can provide or influence .proto schema text parsed by an application may be able to cause the parsing call to never return. Because Node.js is single-threaded, the blocked event loop prevents all other work in the process, resulting in a denial of service that persists until the process is externally terminated.

Applications that only encode or decode protobuf binary data with trusted schemas are not directly affected.

Preconditions

  • The application must parse .proto schema text influenced by an attacker.
  • The schema must be parsed through APIs such as parse, Root.load, or Root.loadSync.
  • The crafted input must begin an option declaration that ends before its = assignment.

Workarounds

Do not parse .proto schemas from untrusted sources with affected versions. If untrusted schema text must be accepted, isolate parsing in a process or worker that can be safely terminated and bound it with a timeout, so a non-returning parse call cannot deny service to the rest of the application.

Affected versions

npm

PackageVulnerableFixed in
protobufjs
>= 7.5.0, < 7.6.5
7.6.5
protobufjs
>= 8.0.0, < 8.6.6
8.6.6

How to fix

Move to the fixed version or later with your package manager, update the lockfile, and run your tests. If the package only arrives through another dependency, upgrade that dependency first. If none of its releases pulls a fixed version yet, force the version with your package manager's override.

protobufjs npm → 7.6.5

npm
npm install protobufjs@7.6.5
yarn
yarn add protobufjs@7.6.5
pnpm
pnpm add protobufjs@7.6.5

Severity breakdown

CVSS 3.1 5.3

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L

Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
Low

Weakness

CWE-835: Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')

The product contains an iteration or loop with an exit condition that cannot be reached, i.e., an infinite loop.

References

Timeline

  1. Published
  2. Last updated by the source
  3. Latest EPSS score
AdvisorySeverityWhy it's related
GHSA-jfj6-75fj-8934
protobufjs: Text Format string map parsing can mutate returned map object prototype
Medium Also affects protobufjs
GHSA-94rc-8x27-4472
protobufjs: Memory amplification from preserved unknown fields in binary decode
Medium Also affects protobufjs
GHSA-wcpc-wj8m-hjx6
protobufjs: Denial of service through unbounded Any expansion during JSON conversion
High Also affects protobufjs
GHSA-f38q-mgvj-vph7
protobufjs : Schema-derived names can shadow runtime-significant properties
Medium Also affects protobufjs
GHSA-jggg-4jg4-v7c6
protobufjs: Denial of Service via unbounded recursive JSON descriptor expansion
High Also affects protobufjs
GHSA-2pr8-phx7-x9h3
protobuf.js: Denial of service from crafted field names in generated code
Medium Also affects protobufjs
GHSA-66ff-xgx4-vchm
protobuf.js: Code injection through bytes field defaults in generated toObject code
High Also affects protobufjs
GHSA-fx83-v9x8-x52w
protobuf.js: Prototype injection in generated message constructors
Medium Also affects protobufjs
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