GHSA-9m3q-rhmv-5q44 CVE-2025-27788
Out-of-bounds Read in Ruby JSON Parser
High
RubyGems
- Severity
- 7.5 / 10
- High · CVSS 3.1
- Exploit chance (EPSS)
- 0.72%
- Chance of exploitation in the next 30 days. Higher than 53.95% of scored vulnerabilities.
- Known exploited
- No
- Not in CISA's catalog
- Weakness
- CWE-125 Out-of-bounds Read
- Fix
2.10.2- Upgrade json to this version or later
Description
Impact
A specially crafted document could cause an out of bound read, most likely resulting in a crash.
Versions 2.10.0 and 2.10.1 are impacted. Older versions are not.
Patches
Version 2.10.2 fixes the problem.
Workarounds
None.
Affected versions
RubyGems
| Package | Vulnerable | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|
| json | >= 2.10.0, < 2.10.2 |
2.10.2 |
How to fix
Move to the fixed version or later with your package manager, update the lockfile, and run your tests. If the package only arrives through another dependency, upgrade that dependency first. If none of its releases pulls a fixed version yet, force the version with your package manager's override.
json RubyGems → 2.10.2
- bundler
bundle update json # Gemfile: gem "json", ">= 2.10.2"
Severity breakdown
CVSS 3.1 7.5
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
- Attack vector
- Network
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality
- None
- Integrity
- None
- Availability
- High
Weakness
CWE-125: Out-of-bounds Read
The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
How to prevent it
- Implementation: Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue." Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright. To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
- Architecture and Design: Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.
References
Advisories
Packages
Other links
Timeline
- Published
- Last updated by the source
- Latest EPSS score
Related advisories
| Advisory | Severity | Why it's related |
|---|---|---|
| GHSA-9hj4-r449-hfvc Ruby JSON: JSON::ResumableParser#partial_value dereferences a freed input buffer and crashes on truncated duplicate-key streams | High | Also affects json |
| GHSA-x2f5-4prf-w687 Ruby json: JSON generator heap buffer overflow when streaming to an IO | Low | Also affects json |
| GHSA-3m6g-2423-7cp3 Ruby JSON has a format string injection vulnerability | Critical | Also affects json |
| GHSA-jphg-qwrw-7w9g Unsafe object creation in json RubyGem | High | Also affects json |
| GHSA-x457-cw4h-hq5f JSON gem has Improper Input Validation vulnerability | High | Also affects json |
| GHSA-9v9v-9qvf-h2hj Pillow: Heap over-read in WMF/EMF rendering via 16-bit dimension truncation (Windows builds) | High | Same weakness, CWE-125 |
| GHSA-v9pv-5gc8-w2m6 Pillow multi-frame loaders can reuse stale native image storage after mode transitions | Critical | Same weakness, CWE-125 |
| GHSA-h3v5-h239-pg29 Electron: Off-screen rendering on macOS trusts GPU-supplied frame geometry | Low | Same weakness, CWE-125 |
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