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GHSA-8398-gmmx-564h CVE-2026-25115

n8n has a Python sandbox escape

Critical npm
Severity
0.0 / 10
Critical · CVSS 4.0
Exploit chance (EPSS)
0.58%
Chance of exploitation in the next 30 days. Higher than 47.55% of scored vulnerabilities.
Known exploited
No
Not in CISA's catalog
Weakness
CWE-693 Protection Mechanism Failure
Fix
2.4.8
Upgrade n8n to this version or later

Description

Impact

A vulnerability in the Python Code node allows authenticated users to break out of the Python sandbox environment and execute code outside the intended security boundary.

Only authenticated users are able to execute code through Task Runners.

This issue affected any deployment in which the following conditions were met:

  • Task Runners were enabled using N8N_RUNNERS_ENABLED=true (default: false)
  • Python was enabled N8N_PYTHON_ENABLED=true
  • Code Node was enabled (default: true)

In case the N8N_RUNNERS_MODE is set to external (default: internal) the sandbox escape is limited to the sidecar container with lower risk for lateral movement. In that case a lower high severity is more appropriate.

Patches

This vulnerability is fixed in version 2.4.8 and later.

Workarounds

If an immediate upgrade cannot be applied, the following hardening steps are recommended:

  • Disable the Code Node by adding n8n-nodes-base.code to the NODES_EXCLUDE environment variable
  • Prefer external mode for isolation: run Task Runners in external mode so that untrusted task code executes in a separate sidecar container rather than within the main n8n process. This configuration significantly reduces the risk of in-process memory disclosure caused by unsafe buffer allocations.In external mode, a launcher manages Task Runner processes in a dedicated sidecar environment, separate from the primary n8n instance. See the [n8n documentation](https://docs.n8n.io/hosting/configuration/task-runners/) for configuration details and required environment variables.

Resources

Affected versions

npm

PackageVulnerableFixed in
n8n
< 2.4.8
2.4.8

How to fix

Move to the fixed version or later with your package manager, update the lockfile, and run your tests. If the package only arrives through another dependency, upgrade that dependency first. If none of its releases pulls a fixed version yet, force the version with your package manager's override.

n8n npm → 2.4.8

npm
npm install n8n@2.4.8
yarn
yarn add n8n@2.4.8
pnpm
pnpm add n8n@2.4.8

Severity breakdown

CVSS 4.0 0.0

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Attack requirements
None
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Confidentiality (vulnerable system)
High
Integrity (vulnerable system)
High
Availability (vulnerable system)
High
Confidentiality (subsequent systems)
High
Integrity (subsequent systems)
High
Availability (subsequent systems)
High

CVSS 3.1 9.9

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Changed
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

Weakness

CWE-693: Protection Mechanism Failure

The product does not use or incorrectly uses a protection mechanism that provides sufficient defense against directed attacks against the product.

References

Timeline

  1. Published
  2. Last updated by the source
  3. Latest EPSS score
AdvisorySeverityWhy it's related
GHSA-v98v-ff95-f3cp
n8n Vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via Expression Injection
High Known exploited Also affects n8n
GHSA-qgpw-8g46-w95v
n8n: Git Node branch.<name>.remote Config Key Bypasses Sandbox Path Restriction, Enabling Local Git Repository Read
Medium Also affects n8n
GHSA-65xw-2v52-jhxc
n8n: Cross-User Active Workflow ID and Lifecycle Event Disclosure via Missing userId Filter
Medium Also affects n8n
GHSA-pq6c-vh67-xpm3
n8n: Log Streaming Event Destinations Decrypt Generic-Auth Credentials Without Ownership Check
Medium Also affects n8n
GHSA-cqr2-h44g-v75v
n8n: Cross-Tenant Project-Member PII Disclosure via Missing Per-Project Scope Check on Role Assignment Endpoints
Medium Also affects n8n
GHSA-pf83-w3f9-8m37
n8n: Disabled OIDC SSO Endpoints Remain Active and Issue Valid Sessions
Medium Also affects n8n
GHSA-6xcw-7xm6-48c6
n8n: Expression Sandbox Escape via Shared Builtin Tampering and Code-Printer Injection Leads to Code Execution
High Also affects n8n
GHSA-34ff-336r-5q23
n8n: Domain-Restriction Bypass via Unguarded Model-Search Endpoint in OpenAI Chat Model Node
Medium Also affects n8n
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