GHSA-v98v-ff95-f3cp CVE-2025-68613
n8n Vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via Expression Injection
- Severity
- 9.9 / 10
- High · CVSS 3.1
- Exploit chance (EPSS)
- 98.99%
- Chance of exploitation in the next 30 days. Higher than 99.93% of scored vulnerabilities.
- Known exploited
- Yes
- In CISA's catalog since Mar 11, 2026
- Weakness
- CWE-913 Improper Control of Dynamically-Managed Code Resources
- Fix
1.120.4- Upgrade n8n to this version or later
Description
Impact
n8n contains a critical Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability in its workflow expression evaluation system. Under certain conditions, expressions supplied by authenticated users during workflow configuration may be evaluated in an execution context that is not sufficiently isolated from the underlying runtime.
An authenticated attacker could abuse this behavior to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the n8n process. Successful exploitation may lead to full compromise of the affected instance, including unauthorized access to sensitive data, modification of workflows, and execution of system-level operations.
Patches
This issue has been fixed in n8n v1.122.0.
Users are strongly advised to upgrade to version 1.122.0 or later, which introduces additional safeguards to restrict expression evaluation.
Workarounds
If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations:
- Limit workflow creation and editing permissions to fully trusted users only.
- Deploy n8n in a hardened environment with restricted operating system privileges and network access to reduce the impact of potential exploitation.
These workarounds do not fully eliminate the risk and should only be used as short-term measures.
Affected versions
npm
| Package | Vulnerable | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|
| n8n | >= 0.211.0, < 1.120.4 |
1.120.4 |
| n8n | >= 1.121.0, < 1.121.1 |
1.121.1 |
| n8n | >= 0.211.0, < 1.120.4 |
1.120.4 |
| n8n | >= 1.121.0, < 1.121.1 |
1.121.1 |
How to fix
Move to the fixed version or later with your package manager, update the lockfile, and run your tests. If the package only arrives through another dependency, upgrade that dependency first. If none of its releases pulls a fixed version yet, force the version with your package manager's override.
n8n npm → 1.120.4
- npm
npm install n8n@1.120.4- yarn
yarn add n8n@1.120.4- pnpm
pnpm add n8n@1.120.4
Severity breakdown
CVSS 3.1 9.9
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
- Attack vector
- Network
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- Low
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Changed
- Confidentiality
- High
- Integrity
- High
- Availability
- High
Weakness
CWE-913: Improper Control of Dynamically-Managed Code Resources
The product does not properly restrict reading from or writing to dynamically-managed code resources such as variables, objects, classes, attributes, functions, or executable instructions or statements.
How to prevent it
- Implementation: For any externally-influenced input, check the input against an allowlist of acceptable values.
- Implementation, Architecture and Design: Refactor the code so that it does not need to be dynamically managed.
References
Advisories
Fixes and patches
Packages
Other links
Timeline
- Published
- Added to CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog
- Remediation due for U.S. federal agencies
- Last updated by the source
- Latest EPSS score
Related advisories
| Advisory | Severity | Why it's related |
|---|---|---|
| GHSA-vpcf-gvg4-6qwr n8n: Expression Sandbox Escape Leads to RCE | Critical | Linked by the source |
| GHSA-qgpw-8g46-w95v n8n: Git Node branch.<name>.remote Config Key Bypasses Sandbox Path Restriction, Enabling Local Git Repository Read | Medium | Also affects n8n |
| GHSA-65xw-2v52-jhxc n8n: Cross-User Active Workflow ID and Lifecycle Event Disclosure via Missing userId Filter | Medium | Also affects n8n |
| GHSA-pq6c-vh67-xpm3 n8n: Log Streaming Event Destinations Decrypt Generic-Auth Credentials Without Ownership Check | Medium | Also affects n8n |
| GHSA-cqr2-h44g-v75v n8n: Cross-Tenant Project-Member PII Disclosure via Missing Per-Project Scope Check on Role Assignment Endpoints | Medium | Also affects n8n |
| GHSA-pf83-w3f9-8m37 n8n: Disabled OIDC SSO Endpoints Remain Active and Issue Valid Sessions | Medium | Also affects n8n |
| GHSA-6xcw-7xm6-48c6 n8n: Expression Sandbox Escape via Shared Builtin Tampering and Code-Printer Injection Leads to Code Execution | High | Also affects n8n |
| GHSA-34ff-336r-5q23 n8n: Domain-Restriction Bypass via Unguarded Model-Search Endpoint in OpenAI Chat Model Node | Medium | Also affects n8n |
Credits: fatihhcelik, yuvalo1212
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