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GHSA-4hwq-4cpm-8vmx CVE-2024-24564 PYSEC-2024-205

Vyper's `extract32` can ready dirty memory

Medium PyPI
Severity
3.7 / 10
Medium · CVSS 3.1
Exploit chance (EPSS)
0.56%
Chance of exploitation in the next 30 days. Higher than 46.96% of scored vulnerabilities.
Known exploited
No
Not in CISA's catalog
Weakness
CWE-125 Out-of-bounds Read
Fix
0.4.0
Upgrade vyper to this version or later

Description

Summary

When using the built-in extract32(b, start), if the start index provided has for side effect to update b, the byte array to extract 32 bytes from, it could be that some dirty memory is read and returned by extract32.

As of v0.4.0 (specifically, commit https://github.com/vyperlang/vyper/commit/3d9c537142fb99b2672f21e2057f5f202cde194f), the compiler will panic instead of generating bytecode.

Details

Before evaluating start, the function Extract32.build_IR caches only:

but do not cache the actual content of b. This means that if the evaluation of start changes b's content and length, an outdated length will be used with the new content when extracting 32 bytes from b.

PoC

Calling the function foo of the following contract returns b'uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu\x00\x00789' meaning that extract32 accessed some dirty memory.

var:Bytes[96]

@internal
def bar() -> uint256:
    self.var = b'uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu'
    self.var = b''
    return 3

@external
def foo() -> bytes32:
    self.var = b'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz123456789'
    return extract32(self.var, self.bar(), output_type=bytes32)
    # returns b'uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu\x00\x00789'

Impact

For contracts that are affected, it means that calling extract32 returns dirty memory bytes instead of some expected output.

Affected versions

PyPI

PackageVulnerableFixed in
vyper
< 0.4.0
0.4.0
vyper
< 0.4.0
0.4.0

How to fix

Move to the fixed version or later with your package manager, update the lockfile, and run your tests. If the package only arrives through another dependency, upgrade that dependency first. If none of its releases pulls a fixed version yet, force the version with your package manager's override.

vyper PyPI → 0.4.0

pip
pip install --upgrade "vyper>=0.4.0"
poetry
poetry add "vyper>=0.4.0"
uv
uv add "vyper>=0.4.0"

Severity breakdown

CVSS 3.1 3.7

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
High
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
Low
Integrity
None
Availability
None

Weakness

CWE-125: Out-of-bounds Read

The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.

How to prevent it
  • Implementation: Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue." Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright. To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
  • Architecture and Design: Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.

References

Timeline

  1. Published
  2. Last updated by the source
  3. Latest EPSS score
AdvisorySeverityWhy it's related
GHSA-2r3x-4mrv-mcxf
Vyper: Memory corruption using function calls within tuples / nested calls
Medium Also affects vyper
GHSA-4v7v-gqf9-ww2g
Vyper: Call stack corruption when passing complex type containing non-base type members as argument
Medium Also affects vyper
GHSA-vg88-3v92-rjx2
Vyper: Return inside for loop more than 1 level deep
Low Also affects vyper
GHSA-3vcg-j39x-cwfm
Vyper's `slice()` may elide side-effects when output length is 0
Low Also affects vyper
GHSA-qhr6-mgqr-mchm
Vyper's `concat()` builtin may elide side-effects for zero-length arguments
Low Also affects vyper
GHSA-h33q-mhmp-8p67
Vyper has a double eval in For List Iter
High Also affects vyper
GHSA-4w26-8p97-f4jp
AugAssign evaluation order causing OOB write within the object in Vyper
Critical Also affects vyper
GHSA-2p94-8669-xg86
Vyper's sqrt doesn't define rounding behavior
High Also affects vyper
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