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GHSA-vj54-72f3-p5jv CVE-2025-57820

devalue prototype pollution vulnerability

High npm
Severity
7.9 / 10
High · CVSS 4.0
Exploit chance (EPSS)
0.37%
Chance of exploitation in the next 30 days. Higher than 30.88% of scored vulnerabilities.
Known exploited
No
Not in CISA's catalog
Weakness
CWE-1321 Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Fix
5.3.2
Upgrade devalue to this version or later

Description

1. devalue.parse allows __proto__ to be set

A string passed to devalue.parse could represent an object with a __proto__ property, which would assign a prototype to an object while allowing properties to be overwritten:

class Vector {
  constructor(x, y) {
    this.x = x;
    this.y = y;
  }

  get magnitude() {
    return (this.x ** 2 + this.y ** 2) ** 0.5;
  }
}

const payload = `[{"x":1,"y":2,"magnitude":3,"__proto__":4},3,4,"nope",["Vector",5],[6,7],8,9]`;

const vector = devalue.parse(payload, {
  Vector: ([x, y]) => new Vector(x, y)
});

console.log("Is vector", vector instanceof Vector); // true
console.log(vector.x) // 3
console.log(vector.y) // 4
console.log(vector.magnitude); // "nope" instead of 5

2. devalue.parse allows array prototype methods to be assigned to object

In a payload constructed with devalue.stringify, values are represented as array indices, where the array contains the 'hydrated' values:

devalue.stringify({ message: 'hello' }); // [{"message":1},"hello"]

devalue.parse does not check that an index is numeric, which means that it could assign an array prototype method to a property instead:

const object = devalue.parse('[{"toString":"push"}]');
object.toString(); // 0

This could be used by a creative attacker to bypass server-side validation.

Affected versions

npm

PackageVulnerableFixed in
devalue
< 5.3.2
5.3.2
devalue
< 5.3.2
5.3.2

How to fix

Move to the fixed version or later with your package manager, update the lockfile, and run your tests. If the package only arrives through another dependency, upgrade that dependency first. If none of its releases pulls a fixed version yet, force the version with your package manager's override.

devalue npm → 5.3.2

npm
npm install devalue@5.3.2
yarn
yarn add devalue@5.3.2
pnpm
pnpm add devalue@5.3.2

Severity breakdown

CVSS 4.0 7.9

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Attack requirements
None
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Confidentiality (vulnerable system)
None
Integrity (vulnerable system)
None
Availability (vulnerable system)
None
Confidentiality (subsequent systems)
High
Integrity (subsequent systems)
High
Availability (subsequent systems)
High

Weakness

CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')

The product receives input from an upstream component that specifies attributes that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control modifications of attributes of the object prototype.

How to prevent it
  • Implementation: By freezing the object prototype first (for example, Object.freeze(Object.prototype)), modification of the prototype becomes impossible.
  • Architecture and Design: By blocking modifications of attributes that resolve to object prototype, such as proto or prototype, this weakness can be mitigated.
  • Implementation: When handling untrusted objects, validating using a schema can be used.
  • Implementation: By using an object without prototypes (via Object.create(null) ), adding object prototype attributes by accessing the prototype via the special attributes becomes impossible, mitigating this weakness.
  • Implementation: Map can be used instead of objects in most cases. If Map methods are used instead of object attributes, it is not possible to access the object prototype or modify it.

References

Timeline

  1. Published
  2. Last updated by the source
  3. Latest EPSS score
AdvisorySeverityWhy it's related
GHSA-hx4r-w6wj-j8fg
devalue: Residual sparse-array CPU amplification in uneval
Medium Also affects devalue
GHSA-mcm9-63f2-9j32
devalue: Repeated primitive strings cause quadratic expansion in uneval
High Also affects devalue
GHSA-wf3x-273g-mvxv
devalue: Sparse arrays emitted by uneval cause eager allocation when evaluated
Low Also affects devalue
GHSA-r9w8-h9r3-54w4
devalue: Custom ArrayBuffer revivers can bypass typed-array allocation validation
High Also affects devalue
GHSA-x5rw-q4pp-hg5g
devalue: stringifyAsync can cause an unhandled rejection despite a caught returned promise
High Also affects devalue
GHSA-4q55-j62x-fr9h
devalue: Malformed null-prototype object keys bypass __proto__ rejection via property-key coercion
Medium Also affects devalue
GHSA-j22f-vq7h-c4qm
devalue: `stringify`/`uneval` serialize shared memory
High Also affects devalue
GHSA-9rgm-9g3h-6x36
Svelte devalue: DoS via malformed input
Medium Also affects devalue

Credits: Rich-Harris, apyatko

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