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GHSA-vfgx-5q85-58q3 CVE-2026-74874 PYSEC-2026-3754

openssl-encrypt has non-cryptographic PRNG used for steganography pixel selection

High PyPI
Severity
0.0 / 10
High · CVSS 4.0
Exploit chance (EPSS)
0.44%
Chance of exploitation in the next 30 days. Higher than 37.98% of scored vulnerabilities.
Known exploited
No
Not in CISA's catalog
Weakness
CWE-330 Use of Insufficiently Random Values
Fix
1.4.0
Upgrade openssl-encrypt to this version or later

Description

Summary

The generate_pseudorandom_sequence() function in openssl_encrypt/plugins/steganography/core/utils.py at lines 89-91 uses Python's random module (Mersenne Twister) for steganographic pixel/sample selection.

Affected Code

random.seed(seed)
sequence = random.sample(range(max_value), min(length, max_value))
return sequence

Additionally, the steganography password is stored as a plain Python string (not SecureBytes) and only 8 bytes (64 bits) of the SHA-256 hash are used for the seed, reducing effective security to 64 bits.

Impact

The Mersenne Twister's state can be recovered from approximately 624 outputs. An attacker who knows or guesses the password can predict the PRNG sequence and determine exactly which pixels contain hidden data, potentially extracting the hidden data without the password.

Recommended Fix

  • Use HMAC-DRBG or secrets module for cryptographically secure pixel selection
  • Use full 32-byte SHA-256 output as seed material
  • Store the password in SecureBytes instead of a plain string

Fix

Fixed in commit 09e96e0 on branch releases/1.4.x — replaced random.seed(hash(password)) with HMAC-SHA256 based CSPRNG (Fisher-Yates shuffle) and numpy Generator with HMAC-derived seeds across all steganography format modules.

Affected versions

PyPI

PackageVulnerableFixed in
openssl-encrypt
< 1.4.0
1.4.0

How to fix

Move to the fixed version or later with your package manager, update the lockfile, and run your tests. If the package only arrives through another dependency, upgrade that dependency first. If none of its releases pulls a fixed version yet, force the version with your package manager's override.

openssl-encrypt PyPI → 1.4.0

pip
pip install --upgrade "openssl-encrypt>=1.4.0"
poetry
poetry add "openssl-encrypt>=1.4.0"
uv
uv add "openssl-encrypt>=1.4.0"

Severity breakdown

CVSS 4.0 0.0

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U

Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Attack requirements
None
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Confidentiality (vulnerable system)
High
Integrity (vulnerable system)
None
Availability (vulnerable system)
None
Confidentiality (subsequent systems)
None
Integrity (subsequent systems)
None
Availability (subsequent systems)
None
Exploit maturity
Unreported

CVSS 3.1 7.5

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
None
Availability
None

Weakness

CWE-330: Use of Insufficiently Random Values

The product uses insufficiently random numbers or values in a security context that depends on unpredictable numbers.

How to prevent it
  • Architecture and Design: Use a well-vetted algorithm that is currently considered to be strong by experts in the field, and select well-tested implementations with adequate length seeds. In general, if a pseudo-random number generator is not advertised as being cryptographically secure, then it is probably a statistical PRNG and should not be used in security-sensitive contexts. Pseudo-random number generators can produce predictable numbers if the generator is known and the seed can be guessed. A 256-bit seed is a good starting point for producing a "random enough" number.
  • Implementation: Consider a PRNG that re-seeds itself as needed from high quality pseudo-random output sources, such as hardware devices.
  • Architecture and Design, Requirements: Use products or modules that conform to FIPS 140-2 [REF-267] to avoid obvious entropy problems. Consult FIPS 140-2 Annex C ("Approved Random Number Generators").

References

Timeline

  1. Published
  2. Last updated by the source
  3. Latest EPSS score
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