GHSA-p22x-g9px-3945 BIT-tomcat-2022-42252 CVE-2022-42252
Apache Tomcat may reject request containing invalid Content-Length header
High
Maven
- Severity
- 7.5 / 10
- High · CVSS 3.1
- Exploit chance (EPSS)
- 1.78%
- Chance of exploitation in the next 30 days. Higher than 78.25% of scored vulnerabilities.
- Known exploited
- No
- Not in CISA's catalog
- Weakness
- CWE-20 Improper Input Validation
- CWE-444 Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
- Fix
- Available
- 2 packages have a fixed version
Description
If Apache Tomcat 8.5.0 to 8.5.82, 9.0.0-M1 to 9.0.67, 10.0.0-M1 to 10.0.26 or 10.1.0-M1 to 10.1.0 was configured to ignore invalid HTTP headers via setting rejectIllegalHeader to false (the default for 8.5.x only), Tomcat did not reject a request containing an invalid Content-Length header making a request smuggling attack possible if Tomcat was located behind a reverse proxy that also failed to reject the request with the invalid header.
Affected versions
Maven
| Package | Vulnerable | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|
| org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core | >= 8.5.0, < 8.5.83 |
8.5.83 |
| org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core | >= 9.0.0-M1, < 9.0.68 |
9.0.68 |
| org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core | >= 10.0.0-M1, < 10.0.27 |
10.0.27 |
| org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core | >= 10.1.0-M1, < 10.1.1 |
10.1.1 |
| org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote | >= 9.0.0-M1, < 9.0.68 |
9.0.68 |
| org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote | >= 10.0.0-M1, < 10.0.27 |
10.0.27 |
| org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote | >= 10.1.0-M1, < 10.1.1 |
10.1.1 |
How to fix
Move to the fixed version or later with your package manager, update the lockfile, and run your tests. If the package only arrives through another dependency, upgrade that dependency first. If none of its releases pulls a fixed version yet, force the version with your package manager's override.
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core Maven → 8.5.83
- maven
<dependency><groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId><artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId><version>8.5.83</version></dependency>- gradle
implementation("org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core:8.5.83")
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote Maven → 9.0.68
- maven
<dependency><groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId><artifactId>tomcat-coyote</artifactId><version>9.0.68</version></dependency>- gradle
implementation("org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote:9.0.68")
Severity breakdown
CVSS 3.1 7.5
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
- Attack vector
- Network
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality
- None
- Integrity
- High
- Availability
- None
Weakness
CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
The product receives input or data, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates that the input has the properties that are required to process the data safely and correctly.
How to prevent it
- Architecture and Design: Consider using language-theoretic security (LangSec) techniques that characterize inputs using a formal language and build "recognizers" for that language. This effectively requires parsing to be a distinct layer that effectively enforces a boundary between raw input and internal data representations, instead of allowing parser code to be scattered throughout the program, where it could be subject to errors or inconsistencies that create weaknesses. [REF-1109] [REF-1110] [REF-1111]
- Architecture and Design: Use an input validation framework such as Struts or the OWASP ESAPI Validation API. Note that using a framework does not automatically address all input validation problems; be mindful of weaknesses that could arise from misusing the framework itself (CWE-1173).
- Architecture and Design, Implementation: Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter the product, including but not limited to: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Implementation: Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue." Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Architecture and Design: For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server. Even though client-side checks provide minimal benefits with respect to server-side security, they are still useful. First, they can support intrusion detection. If the server receives input that should have been rejected by the client, then it may be an indication of an attack. Second, client-side error-checking can provide helpful feedback to the user about the expectations for valid input. Third, there may be a reduction in server-side processing time for accidental input errors, although this is typically a small savings.
- Implementation: When your application combines data from multiple sources, perform the validation after the sources have been combined. The individual data elements may pass the validation step but violate the intended restrictions after they have been combined.
- Implementation: Be especially careful to validate all input when invoking code that crosses language boundaries, such as from an interpreted language to native code. This could create an unexpected interaction between the language boundaries. Ensure that you are not violating any of the expectations of the language with which you are interfacing. For example, even though Java may not be susceptible to buffer overflows, providing a large argument in a call to native code might trigger an overflow.
- Implementation: Directly convert your input type into the expected data type, such as using a conversion function that translates a string into a number. After converting to the expected data type, ensure that the input's values fall within the expected range of allowable values and that multi-field consistencies are maintained.
- Implementation: Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180, CWE-181). Make sure that your application does not inadvertently decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use libraries such as the OWASP ESAPI Canonicalization control. Consider performing repeated canonicalization until your input does not change any more. This will avoid double-decoding and similar scenarios, but it might inadvertently modify inputs that are allowed to contain properly-encoded dangerous content.
- Implementation: When exchanging data between components, ensure that both components are using the same character encoding. Ensure that the proper encoding is applied at each interface. Explicitly set the encoding you are using whenever the protocol allows you to do so.
CWE-444: Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
The product acts as an intermediary HTTP agent (such as a proxy or firewall) in the data flow between two entities such as a client and server, but it does not interpret malformed HTTP requests or responses in ways that are consistent with how the messages will be processed by those entities that are at the ultimate destination.
How to prevent it
- Implementation: Use a web server that employs a strict HTTP parsing procedure, such as Apache [REF-433].
- Implementation: Use only SSL communication.
- Implementation: Terminate the client session after each request.
- System Configuration: Turn all pages to non-cacheable.
References
Advisories
Packages
Other links
- github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/0d089a15047faf9cb3c82f80f4d28febd4798920
- github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/4c7f4fd09d2cc1692112ef70b8ee23a7a037ae77
- github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/a1c07906d8dcaf7957e5cc97f5cdbac7d18a205a
- github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/c9fe754e5d17e262dfbd3eab2a03ca96ff372dc3
- lists.apache.org/thread/zzcxzvqfdqn515zfs3dxb7n8gty589sq
- security.gentoo.org/glsa/202305-37
- tomcat.apache.org/security-10.html
- tomcat.apache.org/security-8.html
- tomcat.apache.org/security-9.html
Timeline
- Published
- Last updated by the source
- Latest EPSS score
Related advisories
| Advisory | Severity | Why it's related |
|---|---|---|
| GHSA-83qj-6fr2-vhqg Apache Tomcat: Potential RCE and/or information disclosure and/or information corruption with partial PUT | Critical Known exploited | Also affects org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core |
| GHSA-qppj-fm5r-hxr3 HTTP/2 Stream Cancellation Attack | Medium Known exploited | Also affects org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core |
| GHSA-xjgh-84hx-56c5 Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type Apache Tomcat | High Known exploited | Also affects org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core |
| CVE-2020-1938 Improper Privilege Management in Tomcat | Critical Known exploited | Also affects org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core |
| GHSA-pjfr-qf3p-3q25 When running Apache Tomcat on Windows with HTTP PUTs enabled it was possible to upload a JSP file to the server | High Known exploited | Also affects org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core |
| GHSA-h3x4-894j-xpx5 Apache Tomcat's FORM authentication process has an Incorrect Authorization vulnerability | Critical | Also affects org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core |
| GHSA-9xv2-5v5q-p794 Apache Tomcat's DIGEST authenticator has an Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay vulnerability | Critical | Also affects org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core |
| GHSA-f525-44xv-f2qj Apache Tomcat - HTTP/2 no-authority bypass of strict SNI validation | Critical | Also affects org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core |
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