rclone: Directory metadata (chmod/chown/chtimes) applied through a planted symlink in rclone local --links escapes the destination

Summary

With -l/--links, rclone's local backend recreates a source .rclonelink object as a real symlink at the destination verbatim (preserved by design for faithful backups). Directory-metadata application, however, does not go through the os.Root sandbox and does not use NOFOLLOW syscalls. A local Directory always has translatedLink=false, so when the destination path already exists as a planted symlink, rclone applies chmod/chown/chtimes through that symlink to a target outside the destination tree. An attacker who controls the source contents (malicious/compromised remote, shared bucket) obtains attacker-valued chmod/chown/chtimes of an arbitrary path outside the backup destination.

Root Cause

• MkdirMetadata (backend/local/local.go:895) calls f.lstat (=os.Lstat, local.go:465) on the destination path. On a pre-planted symlink, os.Lstat succeeds, so the errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) branch (local.go:896) that would create a real directory via the os.Root-guarded f.Mkdir is not taken. Instead a Directory is built directly on the symlink path.
• writeMetadataToFile runs raw os.Chown (backend/local/metadata.go:131) and os.Chmod (metadata.go:158); setTimes runs raw os.Chtimes (backend/local/local.go:1318).
• The CVE-2024-52522 NOFOLLOW fix (os.Lchown/lChmod/lChtimes) is gated on if o.translatedLink (metadata.go:128/150, local.go:1315). A Directory (newDirectory→newObject with no .rclonelink suffix) is never translatedLink, so it always takes the raw following branch. The CVE-2026-54572 os.Root fix covers only content writes, not metadata syscalls.

Impact

Attacker-controlled chmod/chown/chtimes (values taken from the source directory's mode/uid/gid/mtime) applied to any file or directory outside the destination. chtimes (mtime) escape works with just --links and default flags; chmod/chown escape additionally needs --metadata. When rclone runs as root with --metadata and a source uid=0, the chown primitive reaches the CVE-2024-52522 privilege-escalation ceiling (take ownership of an out-of-tree path).

Proof of Concept

mkdir -p /src /dest
# run 1: source object pwn.rclonelink whose body = /home/victim/secret.d
printf '/home/victim/secret.d' > /src/pwn.rclonelink
rclone sync --links /src /dest              # plants /dest/pwn -> /home/victim/secret.d
# attacker swaps source pwn to a real directory with chosen metadata:
rm /src/pwn.rclonelink ; mkdir -p /src/pwn/keep ; chmod 777 /src/pwn
rclone sync --links --metadata /src /dest   # MkdirMetadata sees /dest/pwn exists (symlink) ->
                                            # chmod 0777 applied THROUGH it to /home/victim/secret.d
ls -ld /home/victim/secret.d                # => drwxrwxrwx  (outside dir, attacker-chosen mode)

A single-run PoC is achievable against directory-based object sources (drive/onedrive-class) that satisfy both ReadDirMetadata and CanHaveEmptyDirectories and can present pwn.rclonelink and pwn/ simultaneously. Local→local uses the two-run backup model (same repeated-backup model as CVE-2024-52522 and CVE-2026-54572). Verified end-to-end against the real fs/sync.Sync engine on HEAD: the two-run backup backdated the outside target's mtime and chmod'd it 0777 while os.Root correctly blocked the content-copy of pwn/keep — isolating the metadata gap.

Attack Chain

1. Entry. Victim runs rclone copy/sync --links [--metadata] <untrusted-remote>: /dest. Attacker controls source contents.
   • Guard: none — --links copying an untrusted remote is a documented, supported operation.
2. Plant symlink. Source serves pwn.rclonelink with body = absolute outside path; rclone recreates dst/pwn → outside.
   • Guard: Fs.symlink routes creation through os.Root.Symlink (local.go:~1552).
   • Bypass proof: os.Root creates the link verbatim by design (commit 1154afe); the upstream os.Root fix's test TestSymlinkEscapeWriteThroughBlocked confirms only write-through is refused, the link is planted.
3. Deferred dir-metadata fires after transfers. Source presents non-empty dir pwn; setDelayedDirModTimes (sync.go:1002) runs strictly after stopTransfers() (sync.go:988) — after the symlink is planted.
   • Guard: MkdirMetadata would create a real dir via os.Root-guarded f.Mkdir (local.go:897) inside its errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) branch.
   • Bypass proof: os.Lstat (local.go:465) on the existing symlink returns success, so the ErrNotExist branch (local.go:896) is NOT taken; f.Mkdir/os.Root never runs. Empirically os.IsNotExist(err)=false for the planted symlink.
4. Sink follows the symlink. CopyDirMetadata→MkdirMetadata→writeMetadataToFile runs os.Chown/os.Chmod (metadata.go:131/158); DirSetModTime→setTimes runs os.Chtimes (local.go:1318) — all on o.path="dst/pwn" with translatedLink=false.
   • Guard: CVE-2024-52522 NOFOLLOW branch (os.Lchown/lChmod/lChtimes).
   • Bypass proof: that branch is gated on if o.translatedLink (metadata.go:128/150, local.go:1315); a Directory always has translatedLink=false, so the raw following branch runs. POSIX-confirmed: chmod 777/touch on a symlink path change the target's mode/mtime.
5. Impact. chmod/chown/chtimes on an attacker-chosen path outside the destination, with attacker-controlled values.

Bypass Evidence

• if o.translatedLink gates verified verbatim on v1.75.0 at metadata.go:128/150 and local.go:1315; os.Chown/os.Chmod/os.Chtimes on the else branch at metadata.go:131/158 and local.go:1318.
• newDirectory→newObject (local.go:581/589/596) never sets the .rclonelink suffix → translatedLink=false for all directories.
• MkdirMetadata skip branch: os.Lstat succeeds on planted symlink → errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) false at local.go:896 → guarded f.Mkdir skipped.
• Real fs/sync.Sync E2E on HEAD: TestDirMetadataThroughPlantedSymlink (outside dir → 0777), TestDirSetModTimeThroughPlantedSymlink (mtime set, default-on), TestE2E_TwoRunBackup (backdated outside target while content-copy blocked by os.Root). All PASS. Control TestControl_ContentWriteBlocked confirms harness fidelity.

Affected Versions

<= 1.75.0. Vulnerable code present on latest release tag v1.75.0 and HEAD (5629f26); git log v1.75.0..HEAD -- backend/local/metadata.go backend/local/local.go is empty (no post-release fix).

Suggested Fix

Route directory metadata through os.Root when TranslateSymlinks is set (use fchmodat(AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW)/Lchown/UtimesNanoAt(AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) on the rel path within the root), and/or extend MkdirMetadata to detect that the pre-existing destination path is a symlink and refuse to apply following-metadata — mirroring the CVE-2024-52522 NOFOLLOW branch that currently exists only for translatedLink objects.

Reported by zx (Jace) — GitHub: @manus-use