DOMPurify: IN_PLACE returns a force-removed rawtext root whose text carries attacker markup — pure HTML reparse executes

Environment

• dompurify 3.4.15 (current npm release); reproduced independently on jsdom 30.0.1 and 29.1.1 (Node.js 20.x / 26.x)
• Config: DOMPurify.sanitize(node, { IN_PLACE: true }) on a Node input; SAFE_FOR_XML at its default (true)

Summary

The 3.4.9 fix for the IN_PLACE detached-root class added two protections on the IN_PLACE return path: a fail-closed TypeError in _forceRemove when a node selected for removal cannot be detached, and a _neutralizeSubtree pass (dist/purify.js line 1336) that strips non-allowlisted attributes from removed subtrees.

Both miss the rawtext text-content form. When the force-removed root is a rawtext element (<style>), the payload lives in the node's text: the node detaches fine (the TypeError guard is not reached), _neutralizeSubtree strips nothing (there are no attributes), and the IN_PLACE exit returns the detached, never-sanitized <style> whose text still carries live markup. Serializing that node and re-parsing it in plain HTML context materializes the payload — no foreign-content context required.

The same Node input sanitized without IN_PLACE returns an empty result: the only difference is the IN_PLACE return path handing the killed node back.

Steps to reproduce

const { JSDOM } = require('jsdom');
const createDOMPurify = require('dompurify');   // 3.4.15

const window = new JSDOM('').window;
const DOMPurify = createDOMPurify(window);

const styleRoot = window.document.createElement('style');
styleRoot.setAttribute('onclick', 'alert(1)');    // attribute payload
styleRoot.textContent = '</style><img src=x onerror=1>';  // text payload
window.document.body.appendChild(styleRoot);

const returned = DOMPurify.sanitize(styleRoot, { IN_PLACE: true });

console.log(returned === styleRoot);                       // true (same node)
console.log(styleRoot.parentNode === null);                // true (detached)
console.log(styleRoot.outerHTML);
// <style></style><img src=x onerror=1></style>
console.log(styleRoot.getAttribute('onclick'));            // null  (attribute neutralized)
console.log(styleRoot.textContent);                        // '</style><img src=x onerror=1>' (text survives)

// plain HTML reparse (no foreign-content context involved):
const probe = window.document.createElement('div');
probe.innerHTML = returned.outerHTML || styleRoot.outerHTML;
console.log(probe.querySelectorAll('img').length);         // 1
console.log(probe.querySelector('img').getAttribute('onerror')); // "1"

Observed on 3.4.15: one node, one call — the onclick attribute is neutralized while the text payload (</style><img src=x onerror=1>) survives verbatim; serializing and re-parsing the returned node in plain HTML context materializes the img with the live onerror handler.

Contrast on the same Node input without IN_PLACE: RETURN_DOM: true → <body></body>; RETURN_DOM_FRAGMENT: true → 0 children — the payload is fully sanitized away. The only difference is the IN_PLACE return path.

Contrast on the removal trigger: SAFE_FOR_XML: false → the node is not removed (detached stays false); plain CSS text → not removed. The removal is gated by the mXSS text probes and happens specifically because the serialized node would re-open tags on reparse.

Root cause

_isUnsafeNode (dist/purify.js 3.4.15, lines 1700–1714) removes nodes whose literal text would re-open tags on reparse — shape (b) in the source comment is "text-only content that already carries the element's OWN end tag", detected by the LITERAL_TEXT_CLOSE probe (line 385) alongside the ELEMENT_MARKUP_PROBE (line 339) rules. _forceRemove (line 1122) records the node in DOMPurify.removed ({element}) and detaches it. The removal is intentional: the upstream comment states these shapes are removed because the literal serializer emits them verbatim for the HTML parser to re-open.

The IN_PLACE exit then hands the force-removed root back to the caller — the very node whose removal DOMPurify.removed just recorded (verified: DOMPurify.removed.some(e => e.element === root) is true on the returned instance). The 3.4.9 _neutralizeSubtree pass (line 1336) addresses only the attribute form — its own docstring: "walks a removed subtree and strips every attribute" (purpose: cancel queued resource events). Rawtext text content is out of its scope, so the removal that was performed specifically to prevent reparse is undone by returning the node: you removed it to stop the reparse, then returned it.

Differential (one node, one call, same removal path): the onclick attribute is neutralized by the existing pass while the text payload survives verbatim — the attribute axis is covered, the text axis is the gap.

Impact

Identical blast radius to the published IN_PLACE family: an application that sanitizes a Node in IN_PLACE mode and re-inserts (or serializes and then re-inserts) the result materializes attacker markup in plain HTML context: script execution in the page. Moving the returned node via appendChild alone is safe; the round trip through serialization is what fires the payload. No foreign-content context is required with the close-tag payload.

Affected versions

• Verified live: 3.4.15 (current).
• Source-verified: the attribute-only _neutralizeSubtree and the IN_PLACE return path are present in 3.4.9–3.4.14; releases before 3.4.9 predate the fix entirely (unconditional return; individual pre-3.4.9 releases not dynamically tested).
• Per cure53 advisory convention the affected range is reported as <= 3.4.15 (current at time of writing).

Suggested remediation

Primary (root-cause, covers every form): at the IN_PLACE exit, check whether the returned root was recorded during sanitization — DOMPurify.removed.some(e => e.element === root) — and fail closed: throw the same TypeError style used by the 3.4.9 detach guard ("a node selected for removal could not be safely returned; refusing to sanitize in place"), or return null. This is consistent with the existing fail-closed design and covers all present and future root-kill reasons in one check.

Secondary (form-specific): extend _neutralizeSubtree to neutralize text content of rawtext descendants — the elements in LITERAL_TEXT_ELEMENT_NAMES (style, script, xmp, iframe, noembed, noframes, plaintext, noscript) — by rewriting textContent to a defanged form, matching the probe coverage of _isUnsafeNode/LITERAL_TEXT_CLOSE.

A regression test asserting that a force-removed rawtext root comes back with no /<[/\w!]/ match in textContent (and is not returned at all under the primary fix) prevents re-introduction.

Prior art / differentiation

• GHSA-r47g-fvhr-h676 (fixed 3.4.6): clobbered-form root removal — different trigger; this report's root is a normal allowlisted style element killed by the text probe.
• GHSA-55q2-fjhq-7xh7 (low): IN_PLACE hook removal leaves a detached subtree executable — the attribute-form twin (hook-stripped subtree retains onload-class handlers). This report's rawtext text form is not covered by _neutralizeSubtree's attribute stripping and is not that advisory.
• GHSA-h8r8-wccr-v5f2 (medium): mXSS via re-contextualization in the standard (non-IN_PLACE) serialize path — different mechanism; IN_PLACE is not involved.
• The 3.4.9 release notes credit @mozfreedyb for the IN_PLACE handling improvements that this residual escapes on the text axis.

Applicability scope (stated up front)

The payload materializes when the application serializes and re-parses the sanitizer output (innerHTML assignment, template rendering, markdown/HTML round trips) or otherwise consumes the returned node's markup. Moving the returned node via appendChild alone does not trigger it. Applications that pass live, connected attacker trees into IN_PLACE are explicitly warned against by upstream's own source comment; this report concerns the serialize-and-reinsert consumption pattern that the IN_PLACE mode exists to serve.